This fact sheet highlights climate change as a powerful amplifier of existing vulnerabilities and a growing injustice for developing countries that have contributed least to global emissions yet face the most severe impacts. It situates the crisis within a global context of historical inequity, structural vulnerability, and persistent climate-finance gaps - where promised support has often fallen short or increased debt burdens through loan-based financing.

Using Uganda as a case study, the fact sheet summarizes key exposure and risk pathways across people, ecosystems, and the economy. Uganda contributes less than 0.1% of global greenhouse gas emissions, yet faces rising temperatures, increasingly erratic rainfall, declining water availability, and intensifying climate-related disasters. These shifts are already disrupting agriculture and food security, expanding climate-sensitive diseases, degrading wetlands and biodiversity-rich ecosystems, and triggering internal displacement and resource-based tensions in high-risk areas such as Bududa and Kasese.

The fact sheet also outlines Uganda’s response through policy frameworks and practical actions - including mainstreaming climate priorities through national planning, scaling climate-smart agriculture, expanding renewable energy, restoring forests and wetlands, and strengthening early warning systems - alongside mitigation contributions such as land restoration and REDD+ initiatives. It concludes by emphasizing urgent priorities for Uganda and similar countries: faster and more accessible grant-based climate finance, improved climate information and local capacity, and stronger integration of climate risk across sectors. Ultimately, protecting Uganda’s people and natural heritage is presented as inseparable from global efforts to cut emissions and keep the 1.5°C goal within reach.