This fact sheet examines Uganda’s demographic dividend potential through the lens of human capital development and labour market performance. Drawing on the Uganda Bureau of Statistics National Population and Housing Census 2024 Final Report, it highlights Uganda’s expanding working-age population, youth NEET levels, employment patterns, labour force participation, unemployment, and dependency burden.

The fact sheet shows that more than half of Uganda’s population is of working age, presenting a major opportunity for socio-economic transformation. However, low employment levels, high youth inactivity, gender disparities, regional inequalities, and a high child dependency burden continue to limit the country’s ability to fully harness this demographic opportunity.

It argues that Uganda’s demographic dividend will not happen automatically. Realizing it will require deliberate investment in education, skills development, productive employment, reproductive health, youth empowerment, women’s economic participation, and inclusive labour market policies. A healthy, educated, skilled, and productively employed population remains central to Uganda’s future growth and sustainable development.